Hardware specification:
- SoC: MediaTek MT7621AT (880 MHz)
- Flash: 16 MB (Macronix MX25L12835FM2I-10G)
- RAM: 128 MB (Nanya NT5CC64M16GP-DI)
- WLAN 2.4 GHz: 2x2 MediaTek MT7603EN
- WLAN 5 GHz: 2x2 MediaTek MT7615N
- Ethernet: 1x 10/100/1000 Mbps
- LED: Power, Wifi, WPS
- Button: Reset, WPS
- UART: 1:VCC, 2:GND, 3:TX, 4:RX (from LAN port)
Serial console @ 57600,8n1
Flash instructions:
Connect to serial console and start up the device. As the bootloader got
locked you need to type in a password to unlock U-Boot access.
When you see the following output on the console:
relocate_code Pointer at: 87f1c000
type in the super secure password:
1234567890
Then select TFTP boot from RAM by selecting option 1 in the boot menu.
As Linksys decided to leave out a basic TFTP configuration you need to
set server- & client ip as well as the image filename the device will
search for. You need to use the initramfs openwrt image for the TFTP
boot process.
Once openwrt has booted up, upload the sysupgrade image via scp and run
sysupgrade as normal.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Krapp <achterin@gmail.com>
Rename existing device to v1 and create common .dtsi
Difference to v1: 16MB Flash
Specifications:
SoC: MediaTek MT7621
RAM: 256 MB
Flash: 16 MB (SPI NOR, XM25QH128C on my device)
WiFi: MediaTek MT7915E
Switch: 1 WAN, 4 LAN (Gigabit)
Buttons: Reset, WPS
LEDs: Two Power LEDs (blue and red; together they form purple)
Power: DC 12V 1A center positive
Serial: 115200 8N1
C440 - (3V3 - GND - RX - TX) - C41 | v1 and v2
(P - G - R - T) | v2 labels them on the board
Installation:
Download and flash the manufacturer's built OpenWrt image available at
http://www.cudytech.com/openwrt_software_download
Install the new OpenWrt image via luci (System -> Backup/Flash firmware)
Be sure to NOT keep settings.
Recovery:
Loads only signed manufacture firmware due to bootloader RSA verification
Serve tftp-recovery image as /recovery.bin on 192.168.1.88/24
Connect to any lan ethernet port
Power on the device while holding the reset button
Wait at least 8 seconds before releasing reset button for image to
download
MAC addresses as verified by OEM firmware:
use address source
LAN f4:a4:54:86:75:a2 label
WAN f4:a4:54:86:75:a3 label + 1
2g f4:a4:54:86:75:a2 label
5g f6:a4:54:b6:75:a2 label + LA-Bit set + 4th oktet increased
The label MAC address is found in bdinfo 0xde00.
Signed-off-by: Felix Baumann <felix.bau@gmx.de>
This commit adds factory.bin image for TP-Link EC330-G5u v1. This allows
to install OpenWrt without connecting a serial cable (UART).
Installation using factory image
--------------------------------
Tested with "3.16.0 0.9.1 v6037.0 Build 191016 Rel.30619nb" TP-Link
firmware.
1. Login to the router web interface (http://192.168.0.1/ by default) and
save running config to "conf.bin" file
2. Open configuration file in any TP-Link config editor (e.g.
https://jahed.github.io/tp-link-config-editor/)
3. Find "DeviceInfo" section and insert a new string "<Description
val="Modem Router`telnetd -p 1023 -l login`" />" according to the
following example:
<DeviceInfo>
...
<Description val="Modem Router`telnetd -p 1023 -l login`" />
...
</DeviceInfo>
4. Save configuration file and upload changed configuration using stock
firmware interface
5. Login using telnet to IP:192.168.0.1 (Username:admin, password:1234)
6. Run "cat /proc/mtd | grep mtd7"
a. If the result is 'mtd7: 03000000 00020000 "rootfs" 03400000',
then install stock firmware using web interface to toggle booted
firmware image from "os1" to "os0"
b. If the result is 'mtd7: 03000000 00020000 "rootfs" 00400000',
then all is ok, go to the next step
7. Set up a tftp server with OpenWrt factory.bin image (IP:192.168.0.100
in this example)
8. Login using telnet to 192.168.0.1
9. Download OpenWrt factory.bin image from the tftp server:
cd /tmp
tftp -g -r factory.bin 192.168.0.100
10. Write OpenWrt factory.bin image:
dd if=/tmp/factory.bin of=/dev/mtdblock1
11. Power cycle the router
Signed-off-by: Mikhail Zhilkin <csharper2005@gmail.com>
* Delete unused lantiq makefile
* Delete redundant makefiles and unify them into the main makefile
* Refactor and unify board code into a single file
* Add support and review subtarget specific board support
Signed-off-by: Antonio Vázquez <antoniovazquezblanco@gmail.com>
The ZyXEL WSM20 aka Multy M1 is a cheap mesh router system by ZyXEL
based on the MT7621 CPU.
Specifications
==============
SoC: MediaTek MT7621AT (880MHz)
RAM: 256MiB
Flash: 128MiB NAND
Wireless: 802.11ax (2x2 MT7915E DBDC)
Ethernet: 4x 10/100/1000 (MT7530)
Button: 1x WPS, 1x Reset, 1x LED On/Off
LED: 7 LEDs (3x white, 2x red, 2x green)
MAC address assignment
======================
The MAC address assignment follows stock: The label MAC address is the LAN
MAC address, the WAN address is read from flash.
The WiFi MAC addresses are set in userspace to label MAC + 1 and label MAC
+ 2.
Installation (web interface)
============================
The device is cloud-managed, but there is a hidden local firmware upgrade
page in the OEM web interface. The device has to be registered in the
cloud in order to be able to access this page.
The system has a dual firmware design, there is no way to tell which
firmware is currently booted. Therefore, an -initramfs version is flashed
first.
1. Log into the OEM web GUI
2. Access the hidden upgrade page by navigating to
https://192.168.212.1/gui/#/main/debug/firmwareupgrade
3. Upload the -initramfs-kernel.bin file and flash it
4. Wait for OpenWrt to boot and log in via SSH
5. Transfer the sysupgrade file via SCP
6. Run sysupgrade to install the image
7. Reboot and enjoy
NB: If the initramfs version was installed in RAS2, the sysupgrade script
sets the boot number to the first partition. A backup has to be performed
manually in case the OEM firwmare should be kept.
Installation (UART method)
==========================
The UART method is more difficult, as the boot loader does not have a
timeout set. A semi-working stock firmware is required to configure it:
1. Attach UART
2. Boot the stock firmware until the message about failsafe mode appears
3. Enter failsafe mode by pressing "f" and "Enter"
4. Type "mount_root"
5. Run "fw_setenv bootmenu_delay 3"
6. Reboot, U-Boot now presents a menu
7. The -initramfs-kernel.bin image can be flashed using the menu
8. Run the regular sysupgrade for a permanent installation
Changing the partition to boot is a bit cumbersome in U-Boot, as there is
no menu to select it. It can only be checked using mstc_bootnum. To change
it, issue the following commands in U-Boot:
nand read 1800000 53c0000 800
mw.b 1800004 1 1
nand erase 53c0000 800
nand write 1800000 53c0000 800
This selects FW1. Replace "mw.b 1800004 1 1" by "mw.b 1800004 2 1" to
change to the second slot.
Back to stock
=============
It is possible to flash back to stock, but a OEM firmware upgrade is
required. ZyXEL does not provide the link on its website, but the link
can be acquired from the OEM web GUI by analyzing the transferred JSON
objects.
It is then a matter of writing the firmware to Kernel2 and setting the
boot partition to FW2:
mtd write zyxel.bin Kernel2
echo -ne "\x02" | dd of=/dev/mtdblock7 count=1 bs=1 seek=4 conv=notrunc
Signed-off-by: Andreas Böhler <dev@aboehler.at>
Credits to forum users Annick and SirLouen for their initial work on this
device
- Correct WiFi MACs, they didn't match oem firmware
- Move nvmem-cells to bdinfo partition and remove &bdinfo reference
- Add OEM device model name R13 to SUPPORTED_DEVICES
This allows sysupgrading from Cudy's OpenWrt fork without force
- Label red_led and use it during failsafe mode and upgrades
MAC addresses as verified by OEM firmware:
use address source
LAN b4:4b:d6:2d:c8:4a label
WAN b4:4b:d6:2d:c8:4b label + 1
2g b4:4b:d6:2d:c8:4a label
5g b6:4b:d6:3d:c8:4a label + LA-Bit set + 4th oktet increased
The label MAC address is found in bdinfo 0xde00.
Signed-off-by: Felix Baumann <felix.bau@gmx.de>
[read wifi mac from flash offset]
Signed-off-by: David Bauer <mail@david-bauer.net>
This fixes a well known "LZMA ERROR 1" error, reported previously on
numerous of similar devices.
Fixes: #11919
Signed-off-by: Haoan Li <lihaoan1001@163.com>
Instead of passing an array of hex bytes for the Sercomm PID we can now use
the --pid-file parameter.
Signed-off-by: Álvaro Fernández Rojas <noltari@gmail.com>
Add support for OrayBox X1. It is a 802.11n router, based on MediaTek MT7628N.
Specifications:
SoC: MediaTek MT7628N (580MHz)
RAM: 64 MiB
Flash: 16 MiB NOR (Winbond W25Q128JVSIQ)
Wireless: 802.11b/g/n 2x2 2.4GHz (Built In)
Ethernet: 1x 100Mbps only
USB: 1x USB Type-A 2.0 Host Port
Button: 1x "Reset" button
LED: 1x Blue LED + 1x Red LED + 1x White LED
Power: 5V Micro-USB input
Manufacturer Page:
https://pgy.oray.com/router/x1.html/parameter
Flash Layout:
0x000000000000-0x000000030000 : "u-boot"
0x000000030000-0x000000040000 : "kpanic"
0x000000040000-0x000000050000 : "factory"
0x000000050000-0x000000fe0000 : "firmware"
0x000000fe0000-0x000000ff0000 : "bdinfo"
0x000000ff0000-0x000001000000 : "reserve"
Install via SSH:
Original firmware is based on OpenWRT, but SSH is not start by default,
You should enable it first
1. Login into web admin (10.168.1.1), default password is 'admin'
2. Open the following link, and the result should be {"code":0};
SSH is now started, username is root, password is same as web admin password
http://10.168.1.1/cgi-bin/oraybox?_api=ssh_set&enabled=1
4. You can flash firmware via mtd: mtd write /tmp/firmware_image.bin firmware
Signed-off-by: Bin We <me@udp.pw>
Hanyang Digitech Co., Ltd.
MSIP-CMM-HYD-HYC-G920
CJ-Hello HYC-G920
SoC : MediaTek MT7621AT
RAM : 256M (SK hynix H5TQ2G63FFR)
FLASH : 16MB (Winbond W25Q128BV)
WiFi : MediaTek MT7602EN bgn 2SS
WiFi : MediaTek MT7612EN nac 2SS
BTN : Reset
LED : - Power RED
- WAN Green
- LAN {1-4}
- WiFi 2.4 GHz Blue
- WiFi 5 GHz Blue
- USB Green
**For MT7621 stage1 DDR Test**
UART : J4 GND - 3V3 - TX - RX - GND / 57600-8N1
```
MT7621 stage1 code 10:33:55 (ASIC)
CPU=500000000 HZ BUS=166666666 HZ
```
**For u boot environment**
UART : J4 GND - 3V3 - TX - RX - GND / 115200-8N1
**UART Menu**
```
Please choose the operation:
1: Load system code to SDRAM via TFTP.
2: Load system code then write to Flash via TFTP.
3: Boot system code via Flash (default).
4: Entr boot command line interface.
7: Load Boot Loader code then write to Flash via Serial.
9: Load Boot Loader code then write to Flash via TFTP.
```
**Steps**
Press 4: Entr boot command line interface.
On the pormpt enter.
`setenv firmware_size 0xf60000`
Then enter.
`saveenv`
Then enter.
`reset`
**Device will reboot**
Set your IP 192.168.100.100/24
Connect your lan cable to wan port.
**On the UART Menu**
Press 2: Load system code then write to Flash via TFTP.
Warning!! Erase Linux in Flash then burn new one. Are you sure?(Y/N) **enter** `Y`
Please Input new ones /or Ctrl-C to discard
Input device IP (192.168.100.55) ==:`192.168.100.55`
Input server IP (192.168.100.100) ==:`192.168.100.100`
Input Linux Kernel filename () ==:`openwrt-22.03.0-ramips-mt7621-hanyang_hyc-g920-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin`
After uploading firmware image, device will boot Openwrt.
Signed-off-by: Muhammad AL-Qadhy <m.ismael@gmail.com>
General specification:
SoC Type: MediaTek MT7620N (580MHz)
ROM: 8 MB SPI-NOR (W25Q64FV)
RAM: 64 MB DDR (EM6AB160TSD-5G)
Switch: MediaTek MT7530
Ethernet: 5 ports - 5×100MbE (WAN, LAN1-4)
Wireless: 2.4 GHz (MediaTek RT5390): b/g/n
Buttons: 3 button (POWER, RESET, WPS)
Slide switch: 4 position (BASE, ADAPTER, BOOSTER, ACCESS POINT)
Bootloader: U-Boot 1.1.3
Power: 9 VDC, 0.6 A
MAC in stock:
|- + |
| LAN | RF-EEPROM + 0x04 |
| WLAN | RF-EEPROM + 0x04 |
| WAN | RF-EEPROM + 0x28 |
OEM easy installation
1. Use a PC to browse to http://my.keenetic.net.
2. Go to the System section and open the Files tab.
3. Under the Files tab, there will be a list of system
files. Click on the Firmware file.
4. When a modal window appears, click on the Choose File
button and upload the firmware image.
5. Wait for the router to flash and reboot.
OEM installation using the TFTP method
1. Download the latest firmware image and rename it to
klite3_recovery.bin.
2. Set up a Tftp server on a PC (e.g. Tftpd32) and place the
firmware image to the root directory of the server.
3. Power off the router and use a twisted pair cable to connect
the PC to any of the router's LAN ports.
4. Configure the network adapter of the PC to use IP address
192.168.1.2 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0.
5. Power up the router while holding the reset button pressed.
6. Wait approximately for 5 seconds and then release the
reset button.
7. The router should download the firmware via TFTP and
complete flashing in a few minutes.
After flashing is complete, use the PC to browse to
http://192.168.1.1 or ssh to proceed with the configuration.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Bartenev <41exey@proton.me>
Hardware
========
- SoC: MediaTek MT7621AT (880MHz, Duel-Core)
- RAM: DDR3 128MB
- Flash: Winbond W25Q128JV (SPI-NOR 16MB)
- WiFi: MediaTek MT7915D (2.4GHz, 5GHz, DBDC)
- Ethernet: MediaTek MT7530 (WAN x1, LAN x3, SoC)
- UART: >TX RX GND 3v3 (115200 8N1, J1)
Do not connect 3v3. TX is marked with an arrow.
Installation
============
Flash factory image. This can be done using stock web ui.
Revert to stock firmware
========================
Flash stock firmware via OEM Web UI Recovery mode.
Web UI Recovery method
======================
1. Unplug the router
2. Plug in and hold reset button 5~10 secs
3. Set your computer IP address manually to 192.168.1.x / 255.255.255.0
4. Flash image with web browser to 192.168.1.1
Co-authored-by: Robert Senderek <robert.senderek@10g.pl>
Co-authored-by: Yoonji Park <koreapyj@dcmys.kr>
Signed-off-by: David Bauer <mail@david-bauer.net>
This commit includes some additional changes:
- better handling of iv and keys in openssl/wolfssl variants
- fix compiler warnings and whitespace
- build all 3 variants as separate packages
- adjust the new package name in targets' DEVICE_PACKAGES
- remove PKG_FLAGS:=nonshared
[Beeline SmartBox Flash - OK]
Tested-by: Mikhail Zhilkin <csharper2005@gmail.com>
[after test: replaced a hardcoded IV size of 16 by cipher_info->iv_size]
Signed-off-by: Eneas U de Queiroz <cotequeiroz@gmail.com>
Hardware
--------
CPU: MediaTek MT7621 DAT
RAM: 128MB DDR3 (integrated)
FLASH: 16MB SPI-NOR ()
WiFi: MediaTek MT7905 + MT7975 (2.4 / 5 DBDC) 802.11ax
SERIAL: 115200 8N1
LEDs - (3V3 - GND - RX - TX) - ETH ports
Installation
------------
Upload the factory image using the Web-UI.
Web-Recovery
------------
The router supports a HTTP recovery mode by holding the reset-button
when powering on. The interface is reachable at 192.168.0.1 and supports
installation using the factory image.
Signed-off-by: David Bauer <mail@david-bauer.net>
Specifications:
* SoC: MT7621AT
* RAM: 256MB (NT5CC64M16GP-DI)
* Flash: 16MB NOR SPI flash (GD25Q127CSIG, using GD25Q128C driver)
* WiFi: MT7615DN (2.4GHz+5Ghz) with DBDC
* Ethernet: 4x1000M LAN, 1x 1000M WAN
* LEDs: Power Blue+Orange,Wan Blue+Orange,WPS Blue,"2.4G"Blue, "5G" Blue,
USB Blue
* Buttons: Reset,WPS, Wifi
* Serial interface: on board but not populated, pinout (from the DC jack
side to the WAN port side) is "3.3V Input Output Gnd". Baud rate is 57600,
settings are 8 data bits, no parity bit, one stop bit, and no flow control.
Stock flash layout:
```
GD25Q128C(c8 40180000) (16384 Kbytes)
mtd .name = raspi, .size = 0x01000000 (16M) .erasesize = 0x00010000 (64K)
.numeraseregions = 0
Creating 7 MTD partitions on "raspi":
0x000000000000-0x000001000000 : "ALL"
0x000000000000-0x000000030000 : "Bootloader"
0x000000030000-0x000000040000 : "Config"
0x000000040000-0x000000050000 : "Factory"
0x000000050000-0x000000060000 : "Config2"
0x000000060000-0x000000fb0000 : "Kernel"
0x000000fb0000-0x000001000000 : "Private"
```
The kernel partition will be replaced with the OpenWrt image, the other
partitions are left untouched.
"Config2" seems to be the config storage used by the stock firmware.
"Private" is a 320kB empty JFFS2 partition that comes with the stock
firmware. One can get a larger space for OpenWrt by merging it with
"Kernel".
OpenWrt flash layout:
```
0x000000000000-0x000000030000 : "u-boot"
0x000000030000-0x000000040000 : "u-boot-env"
0x000000040000-0x000000050000 : "factory"
0x000000050000-0x000000060000 : "config2_stock"
0x000000060000-0x000000fb0000 : "firmware"
0x000000fb0000-0x000001000000 : "private_stock"
```
The OpenWrt image must have 96 bytes of padding in the header.
MAC addresses on OEM firmware:
| | location on the flash | notes |
|------ |----------------------- |---------- |
| lan (eth2) | factory + 0xe000 | on label |
| wan (eth3) | factory + 0xe006 | |
| 2.4g (rax0) | not on flash | lan + 1 |
| 5g (ra0) | not on flash | lan + 2 |
Mac addresses of the 2.4g and 5g interface are stored as ASCII strings in
the u-boot-env partition, but they are not used. OpenWrt calculates
Wifi Mac addresses based on the LAN Mac.
Flash and test instructions:
Flash the encrypted image (available in the OpenWrt forum) through the
stock D-Dink web interface.
1. Open the case, and solder the 4-pin header near the WAN port.
2. Connect it to a USB-UART TTL (3.3V) adapter, no need to connect VCC.
3. Open a terminal emulator (e.g. `screen /dev/ttyUSB0` on linux) with
the settings mentioned above.
4. Setup a TFTP server on your PC that can serve
`xxx-ramips-mt7621-dlink_dir-853-a1-initramfs-kernel.bin`.
5. Connect any LAN port to your PC and set a static IPv4 address to
192.168.0.101 (netmask 255.255.255.0).
6. Power on the device and keeps pressing 1 until you see the prompt.
7. Use default IP addresses and enter the file name accordingly, then hit
enter.
8. Wait until it boots to OpenWrt, the default IP address is 192.168.1.1,
you need to change your PC network adapter to use DHCP in order to access
LUCI.
9. So far, the OpenWrt runs in RAM and the flash contents are not touched.
You can try OpenWrt without having to overwrite the stock firmware, a
reboot clears all changes.
10. Optionally, backup the stock firmware (the "firmware" partition) in
Luci.
11. To permantly install OpenWrt to the device , click
on "System -> Backup/Flash Firmware" in Luci and flash
`xxx-ramips-mt7621-dlink_dir-853-a1-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin`
Known problems:
* WLAN0 defaults to 5G after a fresh installation, to enable 2.4G network,
you need to config it manually in LUCI.
* If you see jffs2 related warnings/errors after updating from the stock
web interface, you need to do a reset in LUCI. The error will be gone after
a cold reboot.
Signed-off-by: Hang Zhou <929513338qq@gmail.com>
Several devices depend on fw_printenv during sysupgrade. Make sure
it always is present in all images, including initramfs images built
by the buildbots.
Fixes: 2449a63208 ("ramips: mt7621: Add support for ZyXEL NR7101")
Signed-off-by: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
Wiflyer WF3526-P and Zbtlink ZBT-WE1326 have the same circuit design.
Installing the misunderstading firmware of ZBT-WE3526 will cause Wi-Fi
not work due to allocate the wrong pcie port. Add alternative name to
help users easily build or download the correct firmware.
Signed-off-by: Shiji Yang <yangshiji66@qq.com>
FCC ID: A8J-EPG600
Engenius EPG600 is an indoor wireless router with
1 Gb ethernet switch, dual-band wireless,
internal antenna plates, USB, and phone lines (not supported)
this board is a Senao device:
the hardware is equivalent to EnGenius ESR600 (except for phone lines)
the software is Senao SDK which is based on openwrt and uboot
which uses the legacy Senao header with Vendor / Product IDs
to verify the firmware upgrade image.
**Specification:**
- MT7620 SOC MIPS 24kec, 2.4 GHz WMAC, 2x2
- RT5592N WLAN PCI chip, 5 GHz, 2x2
- QCA8337N Gb SW RGMII GbE, SW P0 -- SOC P5, 5 LEDs
- 40 MHz clock
- 16 MB FLASH MX25L12845EMI-10G
- 64 MB RAM NT5TU32M16
- UART console J2, populated
- USB 2.0 port direct to SOC
- 6 GPIO LEDs power, 2G, 5G, wps2g, wps5g, line
- 3 buttons reset, wps, "reg" (registeration)
- 4 antennas internal omni-directional plates
NOT YET SUPPORTED: VoIP
- Si3050-FT + Si3019-FT Voice DAA, SPI control, PCM data
- Phone Ports "TEL", "LINE" RJ11, 4P2C (2 pins)
**MAC addresses:**
MAC address labeled as MAC ADDRESS
MACs present in both wifi cal data and uboot environment
eth0.1/phy1 ---- *:82 rf 0x4
phy0 ---- *:83 factory 0x4
eth0.2 MAC *:b8 "wanaddr"
**Installation:**
Method 1: Firmware upgrade page:
(if you cannot access the APs webpage)
factory reset with the reset button
connect ethernet to a computer
OEM webpage at 192.168.0.1
username and password 'admin'
Navigate to gear icon, "Device Management", "Tools"
select the factory.dlf image
Upload and verify checksum
Method 2: Serial to upload initramfs:
Follow directions for TFTP recovery
upload and boot initramfs and do a sysupgrade
**TFTP recovery:**
Requires UART serial console, reset button does nothing
rename initramfs-kernel.bin to 'uImageEPG600'
make available on TFTP server at 192.168.99.8
power board, interrupt boot with "4"
execute `tftpboot` and `bootm` (with the load address)
**Return to OEM:**
Images from OEM are provided, but not compatible
with openwrt sysupgrade. So it must be modified.
Alternatively, back up all mtd partitions before flashing
**Note on switch registers:**
The necessary registers needed for the QCA8337 switch
can be read from interrupted boot (tftpboot, bootm)
by using the following lines in the switch driver ar8327.c
in the function 'ar8327_hw_config_of'
where 'qca,ar8327-initvals' is parsed from DTS
before the new register values are written:
pr_info("0x04 %08x\n", ar8xxx_read(priv, AR8327_REG_PAD0_MODE));
pr_info("0x08 %08x\n", ar8xxx_read(priv, AR8327_REG_PAD5_MODE));
pr_info("0x0c %08x\n", ar8xxx_read(priv, AR8327_REG_PAD6_MODE));
pr_info("0x10 %08x\n", ar8xxx_read(priv, AR8327_REG_POWER_ON_STRAP));
Signed-off-by: Michael Pratt <mcpratt@pm.me>
