The ZyXEL NR7101 prepend an additional header to U-Boot images. This
header use the TRX magic 0x30524448 (HDR0), but is incompatible with
TRX images.
This code is reverse-engineered based on matching 32 bit numbers
found in the header with lengths and different checksum
calculations of the vendor images found on the device. The result
was matched against the validation output produced by the
bootloader to name the associated header fields.
Example bootloader validation output:
Zyxel TRX Image 1 --> Found! Header Checksum OK
============ZyXEL header information==================
chipId : MT7621A
boardId : NR7101
modelId : 07 01 00 01
kernel_len : (14177560)
kernelChksum : (0x8DD31F69)
swVersionInt : 1.00(ABUV.0)D1
swVersionExt : 1.00(ABUV.0)D1
Zyxel TRX Image 2 --> Found! Header Checksum OK
============ZyXEL header information==================
chipId : MT7621A
boardId : NR7101
modelId : 07 01 00 01
kernel_len : (14176660)
kernelChksum : (0x951A7637)
swVersionInt : 1.00(ABUV.0)D0
swVersionExt : 1.00(ABUV.0)D0
=================================================
Check image validation:
Image1 Header Magic Number --> OK
Image2 Header Magic Number --> OK
Image1 Header Checksum --> OK
Image2 Header Checksum --> OK
Image1 Data Checksum --> OK
Image2 Data Checksum --> OK
Image1 Stable Flag --> Stable
Image1 Try Counter --> 0
Image1: OK
Image2: OK
The coverage and algorithm for the kernelChksum field is unknown.
This field is not validated by the bootloader or the OEM firmware
upgrade tool. It is therefore set to a static value for now.
The swVersion fields contain free form string values. The OEM firmware
use ZyXEL structured version numbers as shown above. The strings are
not interpreted or validated on boot, so they can be repurposed for
anything we want the bootloader to display to the user. But the OEM
web GUI fails to flash images with freeform strings.
The purpose of the other strings in the header is not known. The
values appear to be static. We assume they are fixed for now, until
we have other examples. One of these strings is the platform name,
which is taken as an input parameter for support other members of
the device family.
Signed-off-by: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
Signed-off-by: Tianling Shen <cnsztl@immortalwrt.org>
Add "-i" option for reading & displaying firmware info. First it lists
in-firmware partitions ("fwup-ptn"). Then it checks for human
understandable partitions and prints data found in each of them.
This new feature is meant for development & debug purposes.
Signed-off-by: Rafał Miłecki <rafal@milecki.pl>
The old code didn't make sense as it was using "len" variable which was
guaranteed to be always 0. Loop right above broken code is:
while (len > 0) { }
With this recent ALIGN macro fix this resulted in subtracting block size
from 0 and calling write_out_padding() with a negative length.
To calculate amount of bytes needed for padding & alignment it should be
enough to use % 4.
Fixes: a2f6622945 ("firmware-utils: fix few random warnings")
Signed-off-by: Rafał Miłecki <rafal@milecki.pl>
This fixes:
src/zyimage.c:10:0: warning: "_POSIX_SOURCE" redefined
src/zyimage.c:11:0: warning: "_POSIX_C_SOURCE" redefined
This change has been tested on Linux with -Wextra and on Mac OS.
Signed-off-by: Rafał Miłecki <rafal@milecki.pl>
Currently it's not possible to flash factory images on devices shipped
with vendor firmware versions 1.1.0 Build 20201120 rel. 50406 (published
2020-12-22):
(curFw_ver, newFw_ver) == (1.1, 1.0) [NM_Error](nm_checkSoftVer) 00848: Firmwave not supports, check failed.
[NM_Error](nm_checkUpdateContent) 01084: software version dismatched
[NM_Error](nm_buildUpgradeStruct) 01188: checkUpdateContent failed.
They've even following note in release notes:
Note: You will be unable to downgrade to the previous firmware version
after updating this firmware.
This version check in vendor firmware is implemented in
/usr/bin/nvrammanager binary likely as following C code[1]:
sscanf(buf, "%d.%d.%*s",&upd_fw_major, &upd_fw_minor);
...
if (((int)upd_fw_major < (int)cur_fw_major) ||
((ret = 1, cur_fw_major == upd_fw_major && (upd_fw_minor < (int)cur_fw_minor)))) {
ret = 0;
printf("[NM_Error](%s) %05d: Firmwave not supports, check failed.\r\n\r\n","nm_checkSoftVer" ,0x350);
}
...
return ret;
So in order to fix this and make it future proof it should be enough to
ship our factory firmware images with major version 7 (lucky number).
Tested on latest firmware version 1.1.2 Build 20210125 rel.37999:
Firmwave supports, check OK.
(curFw_ver, newFw_ver) == (1.1, 7.0) check firmware ok!
Flashing back to vendor firmware
c7v5_us-up-ver1-1-2-P1[20210125-rel37999]_2021-01-25_10.33.55.bin works
as well:
U-Boot 1.1.4-gbec22107-dirty (Nov 18 2020 - 18:19:12)
...
Firmware downloaded... filesize = 0xeeae77 fileaddr = 0x80060000.
Firmware Recovery file length : 15642231
Firmware process id 2.
handle_fw_cloud 146
Image verify OK!
Firmware file Verify ok!
product-info:product_name:Archer C7
product_ver:5.0.0
special_id:55530000
[Error]sysmgr_cfg_checkSupportList(): 1023 @ specialId 45550000 NOT Match.
Firmware supports, check OK.
Firmware Recovery check ok!
1. https://gist.github.com/ynezz/2e0583647d863386a66c3d231541b6d1
Signed-off-by: Petr Štetiar <ynezz@true.cz>
bcm4908img is a tool managing BCM4908 platform images. It's used for
creating them as well as checking, modifying and extracting data from.
It's required by both: host (for building firmware images) and target
(for sysupgrade purposes). Make it a host/target package.
Signed-off-by: Rafał Miłecki <rafal@milecki.pl>
JFFS2 bootfs partition in a BCM4908 image usually includes some padding.
For flashing it individually (writing to designed MTD partition) we want
just JFFS2 data.
Signed-off-by: Rafał Miłecki <rafal@milecki.pl>
It's required for upgrading firmware using single partitions instead of
just blindly writing whole image.
Signed-off-by: Rafał Miłecki <rafal@milecki.pl>
It's much easier to operate on BCM4908 image data with absolute offset
of each section stored. It doesn't require summing sizes over and over.
Signed-off-by: Rafał Miłecki <rafal@milecki.pl>
This adds support for accessing bootfs JFFS2 partition in the BCM4908
image. Support includes:
1. Listing files
2. Renaming file (requires unchanged name length)
Above commands are useful for flashing BCM4908 images which by defualt
come with cferom.000 file and require renaming it.
Signed-off-by: Rafał Miłecki <rafal@milecki.pl>
Signed-off-by: Tianling Shen <cnsztl@gmail.com>
It's important for modifying / extracting firmware content. cferom is
optional image content at the file beginning.
Signed-off-by: Rafał Miłecki <rafal@milecki.pl>
Signed-off-by: Tianling Shen <cnsztl@gmail.com>
BCM4908 image format contains some info that may be useful for info /
debugging purposes.
Signed-off-by: Rafał Miłecki <rafal@milecki.pl>
Signed-off-by: Tianling Shen <cnsztl@gmail.com>
1. Don't allow pipe stdin as we need to fseek()
2. Don't alow TTY as it doesn't make sense for binary input
Signed-off-by: Rafał Miłecki <rafal@milecki.pl>
Signed-off-by: Tianling Shen <cnsztl@gmail.com>
Netgear uses CHK header which needs to be skipped when validating
BCM4908 image. Detect it directly in the bcm4908img tool. Dealing with
binary structs and endianess is way simpler in C.
Signed-off-by: Rafał Miłecki <rafal@milecki.pl>
Signed-off-by: Tianling Shen <cnsztl@gmail.com>
Move code parsing existing firmware file to separated function. This
cleans up existing code and allows reusing parsing code for other
commands.
Signed-off-by: Rafał Miłecki <rafal@milecki.pl>
Signed-off-by: Tianling Shen <cnsztl@gmail.com>
Update to the latest stable release.
This fixes a segfault and build failure seen compiling the 5.10 kernel
for x86/64. With this update, builds complete and sparse generates the
usual large volume of warnings as on 5.4 kernels.
Reported-by: Javier Marcet <javier@marcet.info>
Signed-off-by: Tony Ambardar <itugrok@yahoo.com>
This allows to specify an own magic instead of using the default magic
value TRX_MAGIC. If no own magic is specified the default one will be
used.
Signed-off-by: INAGAKI Hiroshi <musashino.open@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
Discovered by coverty:
CID 1473630: Code maintainability issues (UNUSED_VALUE)
Assigning value from "type_to_guid_and_name(type, &name)" to
"part_guid" here, but that stored value is overwritten before it can
be used.
Remove the now redundant assignment of part_guid which is also set
conditionally later on.
Fixes: 4a078bd135 ("firmware-utils/ptgen: fix partition guid and name")
Signed-off-by: Daniel Golle <daniel@makrotopia.org>
This old ELF library dating to 2009 used to be necessary on MacOS but
is not required for building the kernel or tools since [1]. On Linux
systems, libelf is already an OpenWRT build-system prerequisite [2].
Presence of the older library can mask or conflict with the system libelf
and lead to build errors, as seen compiling Linux kernels since v5.8 or
host tools such as dwarves (e.g. pahole).
Remove the unnecessary tools/libelf library and avoid the related issues.
[1] 5f8e587240 ("build: force disable stack validation during kernel build
on non-linux systems")
Tested-by: Rosen Penev <rosenp@gmail.com> (Linux)
Tested-by: Georgi Valkov <gvalkov@abv.bg> (MacOS)
Signed-off-by: Tony Ambardar <itugrok@yahoo.com>
Add patches for mkimage to allow using it instead of the binary-only
'bromimage' tool to generate bl2 for MT7622.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Golle <daniel@makrotopia.org>
Don't download all of vim just to build xxd. Use a tight tarball
containing only xxd sources instead.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Golle <daniel@makrotopia.org>
U-Boot requires xxd to create the default environment from an external
file as done in uboot-mediatek.
Build xxd (only, not the rest of vim) as part of tools to make sure it
is present on the buildhost.
Reported-by: David Bauer <mail@david-bauer.net>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Golle <daniel@makrotopia.org>
mediatek-mt7622 as well as mediatek-mt7623 require CPIO to create their
initramfs images. So build CPIO as part of the host toolchain.
Signed-off-by: David Bauer <mail@david-bauer.net>
The TP-Link EAP235-Wall is a wall-mounted, PoE-powered AC1200 access
point with four gigabit ethernet ports.
When connecting to the device's serial port, it is strongly advised to
use an isolated UART adapter. This prevents linking different power
domains created by the PoE power supply, which may damage your devices.
The device's U-Boot supports saving modified environments with
`saveenv`. However, there is no u-boot-env partition, and saving
modifications will cause the partition table to be overwritten. This is
not an issue for running OpenWrt, but will prevent the vendor FW from
functioning properly.
Device specifications:
* SoC: MT7621DAT
* RAM: 128MiB
* Flash: 16MiB SPI-NOR
* Wireless 2.4GHz (MT7603EN): b/g/n, 2x2
* Wireless 5GHz (MT7613BEN): a/n/ac, 2x2
* Ethernet: 4× GbE
* Back side: ETH0, PoE PD port
* Bottom side: ETH1, ETH2, ETH3
* Single white device LED
* LED button, reset button (available for failsafe)
* PoE pass-through on port ETH3 (enabled with GPIO)
Datasheet of the flash chip specifies a maximum frequency of 33MHz, but
that didn't work. 20MHz gives no errors with reading (flash dump) or
writing (sysupgrade).
Device mac addresses:
Stock firmware uses the same MAC address for ethernet (on device label)
and 2.4GHz wireless. The 5GHz wireless address is incremented by one.
This address is stored in the 'info' ('default-mac') partition at an
offset of 8 bytes.
From OEM ifconfig:
eth a4:2b:b0:...:88
ra0 a4:2b:b0:...:88
rai0 a4:2b:b0:...:89
Flashing instructions:
* Enable SSH in the web interface, and SSH into the target device
* run `cliclientd stopcs`, this should return "success"
* upload the factory image via the web interface
Debricking:
U-boot can be interrupted during boot, serial console is 57600 baud, 8n1
This allows installing a sysupgrade image, or fixing the device in
another way.
* Access serial header from the side of the board, close to ETH3,
pin-out is (1:TX, 2:RX, 3:GND, 4:3.3V), with pin 1 closest to ETH3.
* Interrupt bootloader by holding '4' during boot, which drops the
bootloader into its shell
* Change default 'serverip' and 'ipaddr' variables (optional)
* Download initramfs with `tftpboot`, and boot image with `bootm`
# tftpboot 84000000 openwrt-initramfs.bin
# bootm
Revert to stock:
Using the tplink-safeloader utility from the firmware-utils package,
TP-Link's firmware image can be converted to an OpenWrt-compatible
sysupgrade image:
$ ./staging_dir/host/bin/tplink-safeloader -B EAP235-WALL-V1 \
-z EAP235-WALLv1_XXX_up_signed.bin -o eap235-sysupgrade.bin
This can then be flashed using the OpenWrt sysupgrade interface. The
image will appear to be incompatible and must be force flashed, without
keeping the current configuration.
Known issues:
- DFS support is incomplete (known issue with MT7613)
- MT7613 radio may stop responding when idling, reboot required.
This was an issue with the ddc75ff704 version of mt76, but appears to
have improved/disappeared with bc3963764d.
Error notice example:
[ 7099.554067] mt7615e 0000:02:00.0: Message 73 (seq 1) timeout
Hardware was kindly provided for porting by Stijn Segers.
Tested-by: Stijn Segers <foss@volatilesystems.org>
Signed-off-by: Sander Vanheule <sander@svanheule.net>
* The fit image is now created with 0666 permission in upstream U-Boot
remove our patch switch creates it with 0744
* The generated/autoconf.h file is created now as an empty file, it is
not needed to remove this include any more.
* Upstream lib/rsa/rsa-sign.c now includes stdlib.h instead of malloc.h
* ALIGN_MASK was moved to imagetool.h, own patch should not be needed
any more.
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
